Collective memory:
Tradition’ is a current of continuous thought and therefore is marked by irregular and uncertain boundaries.
As many memories as group.
Always relative, as every collective memory requires the support of a group and to be rooted in the concrete: in space, gesture, image or object.
Allows the group to recognize itself through the total succession of the images.
Such memory rests not on learned history but on lived history, which is less impersonal, less schematizing, and provide a more complete picture of specific periods and their uniqueness.
History :
Divides the sequence of centuries into fixed periods and reconstructs the past from a critical distance.
Unitary: universal memory of the human species.
An intellectual, critical, an impersonal activity, which emerges at the primary mode of knowledge, about the past when tradition weakens and social memory is fading.
Written history examines the groups from the outside.
Today, his old fashioned positivist concepts of history is abandoned with many critiques rejecting his narrow definition of history:
History cannot 'literally' construct the past (Schwartz, 1982)
A Historical narrative may becomes itself an integral part of collective memory (Hutton, 1993)
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